What is Parkinson's disease?

What is Parkinson’s disease?
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive disorder of the central nervous system resulting in a lack of dopamine in the brain, among other changes. Dopamine, a chemical produced by cells in the brain, is necessary for smooth, controlled movement of muscles. While researchers do no know what causes Parkinson’s disease at this time, the mission of The Parkinson's Institute is to: Enhance the Care, Find the Cause and Promote the Cure.

Who does Parkinson’s disease affect?
Parkinson’s disease affects approximately 1.5 million Americans. It strikes men slightly more often than women and is a condition usually affecting people in the over 60 age group. However, about 15% of patients with PD are diagnosed before the age of 40.

What is the usual course of Parkinson’s disease?
The most common initial symptom is tremor. Symptoms of tremor or slowness usually begin on one side of the body, often involving either an arm or leg. Over time, the other limb on the same side and/or limbs on the opposite side are usually affected. Mobility may become limited as the disease progresses. For most individuals on treatment, lifespan is not shortened by Parkinson’s disease.

In addition to the well-known symptoms of tremor, slowness and imbalance, other problems such as excessive saliva, a soft voice, as well as hand and foot cramps may occur. Depression, anxiety and a number of sleep disorders are quite common. Constipation, more frequent urination, increased sweating, and low blood pressure may develop. Some people with Parkinson’s disease will develop changes in memory and intellectual function.

A variety of treatments are available for many of the symptoms of PD. They include general health measures, physical and/or speech therapy as well as a number of medications. The treatment for Parkinson’s disease is individualized and is guided by a number of factors including the general health and symptoms of an affected individual.